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<title>Poetry and Mantra</title>
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<span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Times New Roman'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB><font size="4">Poetry and Mantra</font></span></b></span></p>
		<div class=Section1>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB>POETRY
and mantra <span class=GramE>are</span> not one and the same thing. I shall try
to point out the difference between the two. Poetry can turn into mantra; not
only that, poetry <span class=GramE>must needs</span> be so. The highest form
and the most perfect perfection of poetry lie in the mantra. Likewise a mantra
can manifest itself in the shape and form of poetry. But that is a thing we
hardly meet with.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>Let us now focus our attention on something else. When we study the
Gita or the Upanishads or the Vedas, the idea never flashes across our mind that
we are reading poetry; our consciousness enjoys a delight which surpasses that
of poetry. Here is a clear proof. When we speak of genuine poetry, we hardly
think of the Veda-Upanishad-Gita. To serve our purpose we immediately resort to
the works of Valmiki, Kalidasa and Bhavabhuti. Yet, as a matter of fact, the
Gita, the Upanishads and the Vedas can easily stand on the same footing with
the greatest poetry. However natural or mundane may be the delight in poetic
creation, it can never surpass the poetic greatness of the mantra. Neither the
ancient poet Valmiki nor even Homer or Shakespeare are an exception. It is said
that &quot;the highest art is to conceal art&quot;. The famous poets of to-day
cannot so easily conceal themselves in their poetic creation as did the poets
of the Veda-Upanishad-Gita. When the Upanishad says,<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>&quot;This
is the highest Refuge, the Refuge supreme, <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>When one realises it, one shines in the
status of the<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Brahman&quot;,<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

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solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none;border:medium none;mso-border-bottom-alt:
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<span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;'>Page –
107<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span class=GramE><span
lang=EN-GB>or when the Gita says,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>&quot;Unperturbed in the midst of sorrow, </span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>Undated in the midst of happiness,&quot;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span class=GramE><span
lang=EN-GB>we do not at first or at all discern
that we have come across one of the highest pitches of poetry. But this is the
type of poetry that we would like to call mantra.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:8.85pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>What is poetry? It is delightful speech. There can hardly be any
better definition of poetry than this. Admitting this fact I would like to say
that the definition of mantra is the Brahman manifested as sound. At both the
places we see the glory and greatness of <i>vak </i>(speech). But there is
a subtle border-line. On one side <i>vak </i>grows into the mantra, on
the&quot; other <i>vak </i>grows into poetry however beautiful and great
it may be. The real thing is this: when <i>vak </i>does not assert itself
in the least, when it does not hanker after displaying its own skill, remains
self-enamoured like a deer with the fragrance of its musk, having no other
object than to possess inner delight, then only it amounts to a mantra. When <i>vak
</i>abounds in mere words; it simply comes down to the category of poetry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:8.4pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>But it is not that mantra means something solely dealing with spiritual
disciplines or religious practices. Even the experiences and realisations of this
terrestrial world can reveal themselves through the mantras provided their
fundamental truth is the truth of delight.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:9.0pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>Take the famous utterance of Shakespeare:<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain,<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-line-height-alt:10.55pt;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB>or Dante's:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-line-height-alt:10.55pt;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
class=SpellE><i><span lang=EN-GB>Lasciate ogni speranza voi ch' entrate,
<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><i>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>(Abandon hope, all ye that enter here,)<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

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solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>

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mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none;border:medium none;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'>
<span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;'>Page –
109<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-line-height-alt:10.55pt;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB>or Valmiki' s :<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-line-height-alt:10.55pt;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB>Apahrtya </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
14.0pt'>s</span><span lang=EN-GB>acim bharyam sakyam
Indrasya jivitum.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB>Na ca Ramasya bharyarh mamapaniyasti
jivitam.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>(Even after stealing Sachi, the consort of Indra, one may</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.0in;text-align:justify;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span class=GramE>remain</span>
alive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>But kidnapping me, the wife of Rama, one cannot</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:2.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:
.5in;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB>retain one's life.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;tab-stops:right 256.3pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</i>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB>
In these phrases we observe nothing of so-called spirituality. Here we get the 
utterance of common men like you and me. But I place them on the same footing with the
mantras, or here speech is not the dress or outer garb of an experience, but
the realisation of an inner <span class=GramE>delight,</span> and it has become
inseparably one with that inner delight. That is why mantra sublates speech,
unveils its inner potency and gives a concrete shape to that reality. Speech
does not retain its normal free individuality here it becomes faithful by
obedience to the truth beyond speech. There is a type of form that retains its
own uniqueness, its own independent value. There the manifestation of the
Spirit is secondary, however beautiful and charming it may be; it is based on
ignorance or partial lesser knowledge and it is perishable. The beauty of Greek
sculpture is of this type. The Greeks wanted to express this lesser beauty and
charm of life. But there is another type which surrenders its independent
existence and becomes the vehicle and embodiment of Immortality. I believe
herein lies the secret of <st1:country-region><st1:place>India</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
sculpture, and the aim of many Indian spiritual disciplines was this
Immortality.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:12.45pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>Kalidasa is a great poet – he stands in the vanguard of the world's
greatest poets. He really deserves this place. Yet he is only a poet and does
not seem to be a seer or creator of mantras like the poets of the Upanishads.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:12.2pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>What Matthew Arnold said of the poet Wordsworth we all know. In
places where Wordsworth's poetry, he says, reaches the acme of perfection one
feels as if the poet has<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'>
<span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;'>Page –
110<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>

<i>

<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:12.95pt;
mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'>

<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>

</div>

</i>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span class=GramE><span
lang=EN-GB>disappeared: Nature herself has used
his pen. I would like to say that the speciality of all the mantras lies in
this impersonality. The poet cannot claim to be a seer or creator of mantras
so long as there is the stamp of an individual ego in his creation. In such a case
he is nothing more than a poet. When the poet is fully conscious of himself as
a poet and nothing more, he rarely forgets the excellence of his creation. That
is why with a heart full of pride Bhavabhuti could declare:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>&quot;Whatever may be their <span class=GramE>knowledge,</span> my
efforts are not for those who look down upon me. I believe I have some equals
on earth, and if not I will have some from the womb of future, for time has no
end and the earth too is boundless.&quot;<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;tab-stops:207.6pt 248.85pt;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB>From this point of view Milton and
Virgil may be looked upon as mere poets. Those who consider Shakespeare, Homer
and Valmiki superior to Milton, Virgil and Kalidasa come to such a conclusion
from a subtler consideration. One group of poets makes use of vaikhari
vak, while the other of pasyanti vak.<i><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p>

</i></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:11.5pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>Seer as poet and poet as poet are different, because of their
difference in speech. Vaikhari vak is the word that stands in
its own value and glory, maintains its own separate dignity and greatness,
giving free scope to the inherent power of sound, voice and articulation. Hence
the inner Being, the true Being of delight, does not always relish even the
sweet noise – as Hamlet speaks out: it is all words, words, words – or as Jayadeva declares:<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<i>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Mukharam
adhiram tyaja mañjiram<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>(Take
away your restless garrulous anklets.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;tab-stops:.15in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;</span></span></i><span
lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Pasyanti vak is the spontaneous voice, the soundless sound of this inner <span
class=GramE>Being</span>; it is the truth-vision's own lovely streak.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<i>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:11.5pt;line-height:
150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span
lang=EN-GB>Vaikhari vak is predominant in
Bengali poetry. Pasyanti vak is hardly available, rare, nay,
it will be no exaggeration to say that it is totally lacking. No doubt,
beautiful poetry</span></p>
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solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:11.5pt;
line-height:150%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none;border:medium none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in;
mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'>
<span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;'>Page – 111<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

</i>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0'><span class=GramE><span
lang=EN-GB>has been written in Bengali. It<b> </b>may
be said that the creation of beautiful poetry in Bengali has been considerable.
But, as a contrast, what about the seer-poets? Rabindranath?
Perhaps the power of poetry has reached its acme in Rabindranath. But what
about the mantric power in his creation? In<b> </b>spite of having Rabindranath,
it may well be asked to what extent we get the true Aryan speech in our varied
and rich creation.</span></span></p>
<i>

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solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>

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