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<p align="center" style="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<b><font size="4">New
World-Conditions</font></b><font size="4"><BR>
</font></p>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">IT
is a trite saying that one must change with the changing times. But
how many can really do so or know even how to do so? In politics, as
in life generally (politics is a part of life, the &quot;precipitated&quot;
part, one may say in chemical language), the principle is well-known,
though often in a pejorative sense, as policy or tactics. Anyhow the
policy pays: for it is one of the main lines, if not the main line of
action along which lies success in the practical field. And precisely
he who cannot change, who does not see the necessity of change,
although conditions and circumstances have changed, is known as the
ideologist, the doctrinaire, the fanatic. The no-changer does not
change with the times: for, according to him, that is the nature of
the weather-cock, the time-server. On the contrary, he seeks to
impose his ideas (sometimes called ideals), notions, prejudgments and
even prejudices upon time and circumstance. Such an endeavour, on
most occasions, can have only a modicum of success; and a blind
insistence may even lead to disaster. It may not be difficult to
modify some surface movements of the oceanic surge of life, but to
control and command it is quite a different proposition. This,
however, is not to say that opportunism, slavery to circumstances
should be the order of the day. Not at all. One is not asked to
sacrifice the bed-rock truth and principle and run after the fleeting
mode, the momentary need, the passing interest, </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">to </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">follow
always the comfortable line of least resistance. But one has to
distinguish. There are things of local and transient utility and
there are things of abiding value brought up by deeper world-currents
in the conditions and circumstances that face us. When such great
occasions – golden opportunities they are called – come, they
come with their own norms, and then</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page – 99</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">it is
foolish to force upon them the narrow strait-jacket forms fabricated
by our old habits and preconceived notions. We talk even today of
British Imperialism, of the Shylock nature of the white coloniser and
exploiter –<BR>
</span></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<I><span style="font-size:12pt;">A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch,</span></I></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<I><span style="font-size:12pt;">Uncapable of pity, void and empty</span></I></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<I><span style="font-size:12pt;">From a1!J dram of mercy.</span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;"><BR>
</span></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">We do not doubt that it is the deliberate policy of
these 'vampires' to keep us Indians down eternally as their serfs and
slaves. But whatever be the truth of the fact in the past, it is a
pity we do not see that things have changed a good deal and are
changing steadily and profoundly and inexorably. It is not, as it is
so often demanded, that there has been a change of, heart, in the
sense that one has become saintly, self-forgetful, self-sacrificing,
altruistic. We, on our part, have not become so and it is idle to
expect of others to be so. What has happened is a physical change, a
change, almost a revolution in the external conditions of life in the
world, in the geographical and economic conditions, for example. The
geographical revolution is this that all the nations and peoples of
the earth have been thrown together to intermingle, have been forced
to come into close and inextricable communion with one another: all
barriers of distance and physical inaccessibility have been removed
and practically eliminated. The universe may be expanding, but the
earth has shrunk and has become very small indeed. A signal example
of the kind of blunder that one could commit in this respect was that
of the British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, who said, not
knowing what he said. on the eve of the present war, that
Czecho&shy;slovakia was a far-off foreign country whose fate is of no
concern or consequence to the British. Well, Time-Spirit must have
had a hearty laughter over the wisdom of the statesman: it did not
take long for the British to see that Czechoslovakia is dangerously
near, indeed, it touches the very frontier of the British Isles. We
have flown over the mighty &quot;humps&quot; that separated countries
and continents and levelled them and made of the earth one even
continuous plain, as it were. Neither the Poles nor the peaks of the
Himalayas can hide any longer 
</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
100</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">their
millennial secrets from man's newly acquired Argus eye. The span and
accuracy of our flying capacity have left no corner of the earth to
lie in quiet and splendid isolation.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">The geographical revolution has led inevitably to the
economic revolution which is not less momentous, pregnant with
prophecies of brave new things. We all know that the modern world was
ushered in with the industrial revolution. As a result of this new
dispensation, world and society gradually divided into two camps: on
one side, the industrialists and on the other the agriculturists, or,
in a general way, the pos&shy;sessors of raw materials. The
Imperialists formed the first group, while the latter, dominated by
these, belonged to the Colonies. The &quot;backward&quot; countries
and people who could not take to industry, but continued the old
system became a helpless prey to the industrial nations. Africa and
Asia and the South American countries came under the domination of
European nations, rather the West European Nations: they became the
suppliers of raw materials and also the market for finished products.
Also within the same country occupying the imperial status, there
came a division, a class division, as it is called. A few industrial
magnates or trusts (France had its famous Two-Hundred Families)
monopolised all the wealth, became the top-dog, the &quot;Haves&quot;,
the others were mere hewers of wood and drawers of water, serfs and
slaves, the &quot;Have-&shy;Nots&quot;. Exploitation was-the motto of
the age. The &quot;exploiters&quot; and the &quot;exploited&quot;,
this trenchant duality was the whole truth of the social scheme and
that summed up the entire malady of the collective life. Then came
the First World War and the Bolshevik Revolution which brought to a
head the great crisis and initiated the change-over to new
conditions. The French Revolution called up from the rear of social
ranks and set in front the Third Estate and gradually formed and
crystallised, with the aid of the Industrial Revolution, what is
known as the Bourgeoisie. The Russian Revolution went a step farther.
It dislodged the bourgeoisie and installed the Fourth Estate, the
proletariate, as the head and front of society, its centre of power
and governmental authority. In the meantime there was developing in
the bourgeois society, too, a kind of socialism which aimed at the
uplift and remoulding of the working class into a total social power.
But the process could not, go far</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
101</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">enough.
The Industrial League, no doubt, began to release some of its
monopolies, delegate some of its power and authority to the
Proletariate and sought an armistice and </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">entente; </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">but still it
is they who wielded the real power and gave to society the tone and
impress of their characteristic authority. The Russian experiment
made a bold departure and attempted to build up a new society from
the very bottom: the manual labourers, they who produce with the
sweat of their brow an9 make a society living and prosperous must
'also be its rulers. Now whatever the success or failure in regard to
the perfect ideal, the thing achieved is solid; certain forces have
been released that are working inexorably in and through even
contrary appearances, they have come to stay and cannot be negatived.
The urge, for example, towards a more equitable distribution of
wealth and wealth-producing implements; an even balancing of economic
values has been growing and gathering strength: it has become an
asset of the body social. Instead of an unfettered competition
between rival agencies, the mad drive for a jealous and closely
guarded appropriation (rather, mis-appropriation) by private cartels,
there has arisen an inevitable need for a unitary or co-operative
control under a common direction, whether it be that of the state or
some other body equally representing the common interest. In other
words, the principle of co-operation has now become a living reality,
a thing of practical politics. All effort towards progress and
amelioration, cure of social ills and regaining of health and
strength must lie in that direction: anything going the contrary way
shall perforce be out of tune with the Time-Spirit and can cause only
confusion, bring in stagnation or even regression.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">First of all, the colonies, which mean practically the
Eastern hemisphere, can no longer be regarded, even by those who
would very much wish to, as the field of exploitation, the granary of
raw materials or the dumping ground of finished articles.
Industrialism, the spirit and urge of it at least, has reached these
places too: the exploiters themselves have been instrumental In
bringing it about. The growing industrialism in countries so long
held in subjection or tutelage, as safe preserves, need not
necessarily mean a further spell of keen competition. If we look
closely, we see things moving in a different direction. It is
self-evident that all countries do not</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
102</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">and
cannot grow or manufacture all things with equal ease and facility.
Countries are naturally compleh1entary or supplementary to each other
with regard to their raw produce or industrial manufacture. And an
inevitable give and take, mutual understanding and help must follow
such an align&shy;ment of economic forces.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">It must also be noted that all countries need not and
cannot have the same pattern of economic life, even that of a
successful economic life. A vast country like India, with the
manifold resources of a whole continent, can at once be industrial
and agricultural-modern America, to some extent, is an example of
this type. She can follow both the lines of economic develop&shy;ment
with equal vigour and success. And in the midst of an intensive and
extensive agricultural and industrial occupation, there may be still
room for the age-long, old-world cottage industry, for the individual
artisan or craftsman whose God-&shy;given hand may always give to
things an added value beyond the reach of the mere machine.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">With this perspective in view, keeping always in front
the probable shape of things to come, one must learn to consider the
present, look for those forces that make for the new world and thus
help the course of evolution and progress. Nature does not care for
her past formations, she is not bound to them; she is always throwing
up chances and opportunities-varia&shy;tions-for new developments.
Nature red in tooth and claw is only one side of the shield; and the
picture is not as true today as it was even a few hundred years ago,
in spite of the spells of devastating carnage she still allows in her
surface movements. It may be that the very pressure and insistence of
an inner harmony has brought to the fore, made acute difficulties and
contraries that have to be met and solved for good.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">International co-operation has become a thing of
immediate necessity, of practical utility. We met in San Francisco,
not out of the spirit of sheer idealism or altruism but because we
were forced to it. Circumstances have come to such a pass that even
local needs, natural aspirations can be best met and served in and
through international understanding. It</span><B><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span></B><span style="font-size:12pt;">is the solution of
international problems, the amelioration of international relations
first that would more easily lead to the solu&shy;tion of national
problems than the other way round, which</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
103</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">was
perhaps the normal direction of the world-forces even a decade or two
ago. Such world-organisations as the UNRRA or even the Red Cross,
although they do not go deep enough into the root problems and are
not powerful enough to mould or control world-forces, appearing more
or less as charitable institutions, are still concrete expressions of
an urgent im&shy;mediate demand for mutuality and solidarity among
the nations, even between warring nations.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">The relation between India and Britain is peculiar and
has an especial significance. It is not enough to say that Britain is
the imperialist overlord and India the subject underling. The two
stand for two world-forces and their relation is symbolic. The
difficulty that will be solved between them will be a
world-difficulty solved; what they achieve in common will be a
world-achievement. India means nations in bondage aspiring to be
free, peoples living in conditions of want and weakness and
internecine quarrel, still struggling towards a harmonious and
prosperous organised life; she is the cry of the down-trodden
demanding her share of earth's air and light – life-room. Britain
represents the other side, the free people, organised, strong and
successful. Neither America nor Russia fills this role. America is
young; she has a wonderful grasp over life's externals; none can
compare or compete with her in the ordering and marshalling of an
efficient pattern of life, but what escapes her is the more abiding
and deeper truth of life and living. Russia started to create on
totally new foundations, indeed the outer aspect here has changed
very much. But the forces that ruled Russia's past do not seem to
have changed to the same extent. In spite of the rise of the
prole&shy;tariate, in spite of all local autonomies, it is doubtful
if the true breath of freedom is blowing over the country, if the
country is creating out of a deeper soul-vision. Life movement in
either of these two countries seems to have a rigid mould; that is
because they seek to build or reform, that is to say, fabricate life,
in other words, they impose upon life a pattern conceived by notions
and prejudgments, even perhaps idio-syncracies. The British are more
amenable to change, precisely because they do not force a change and
do not know they are changing. The British Empire is more loosely
formed, its units have more freedom than is the case with other
Empires built 
</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
104</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">upon
the pattern of the extremely centralised Roman Empire. Truly it has
the spirit of a commonwealth. The spirit of decentralisation and
federation that is increasing today and has seized even old-world
Empires – the Dutch, the French, the Russian – has come largely
from the British example. Therefore, the unravelling of the Britain
and India tangle would mean the solution of a world-problem. These
two countries have been put together precisely because the solution
is possible here and an ideal solution for all others to profit by.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">The British people do not move by ideals and idealism,
as the French do, for example. The French rise naturally in revolt
and rebellion and revolution for the sake of an idea – the motto of
the Great Revolution was &quot;Liberty or Death&quot;. Without an
upsetting they cannot bring about a change; for the social moulds are
rigid and more presistent. The Anglo-&shy;Saxons, on the contrary, go
by an unfailing instinct, as it were, gradually and slowly, but
surely and inevitably – “from precedent to precedent&quot;, as
they themselves say. A life&shy;-intuition guides them: the inherent
merit of an ideal has not such a great value in their eye, but if the
ideal means a practical utility, a thing demanded by time and
circumstances, a clear issue out of a dead impasse, well, they
hesitate no longer and go about it in right earnest as practical men
of affairs.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">Now, there can be no doubt that the British wish, are
even eager, to have a settlement with India: they wish to have an
India free and united and strong and they are willing to lend their
help as far as lies in their power and competence,-not because it is
an ideal, something good in the abstract and therefore worth pursuing
and they are altruistic or phil&shy;anthropic by nature, but because
it is a matter of self-interest to them, it is a thing to be done
because of the actual life conditions. A strong free and friendly
India is an asset they wish to build and conserve. They feel that the
old-world methods of one-sided exploitation is neither possible nor
desirable any longer; they must move with the moving times. And, as I
have already said, they do not move principally by ideas and notions
and brain formations, they are in closer touch with life forces and
are more easily responsive to these. 
</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">True, there are contrary voices. But as one swallow does
not</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
105</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">make
a summer, even so, many such voices cannot perpetuate the past. The
name, even the form of Imperialism is there, but the substance of it
is how much changed, if one goes behind! The British Empire, as it
stands today, is composed of three strands, we may say: the first,
the front line, consists of Canada and Australia, the second, of
Ireland, Egypt and Irak, and the third, mainly of India. This graded
pattern shows that it is something fluid and even progressive, there
is nothing rigid and final about it. The very nature of the
com&shy;position seems to exert a pressure working for an equality,
an equilibrium of partnership building up a genuine Common&shy;wealth.
The model is catching. An Imperialistic Russia, that has found a new
</span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">avatara </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">in Stalin, has become a champion of federalism, as the
best way of preserving the imperial integrity!</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">India should consider the present situation with
calmness, detachment and wisdom, not hark back to the past, brooding
over the mistakes and misdeeds of her erstwhile masters – they are
no longer masters; yes, forgiving and forgetting, one must face
squarely the new situation and make the best use of it. India, that
claims a spiritual heritage and a high and hoary civilisation, can
afford to be idealistic even and envisage a deeper and higher law of
Nature, of universal harmony and solidarity, of conscious
co-operation. Apart from that, if as practical men, we look to our
self-interest, then also it will be wise for us to take up the same
line of procedure, </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">viz., </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">what idealism demands. A nation too,
like the individual, can be swayed by pride, prejudice, passion, a
false sense of prestige and a spirit of vengeance. However natural
these reactions may seem to be, in view of the conditions of their
incidence, they possess, more often than not, the property of the
boom&shy;erang, they hit back the originating source itself. It has
been said, for example, that the origin of the present war – the
rise of Hitler-is due to the Versailles Treaty that ended the last
war, which was, in its turn a war of </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">revenge</span><FONT FACE="Arial Narrow, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;">
</span></FONT></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">having its origin on the field of Sedan; this campaign of
1870 again was the natural and inevitable outcome of the Napoleonic
conquest. Thus there has been a seesaw movement in national relations
without a definite issue. And pessimists of today aver that we are
not come to the end of the spiral.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">But we do not subscribe to such prognostics. There is no</span></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0cm; padding-right:0cm; padding-bottom:0.07cm; padding-left:0cm; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
106</span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">inevitability
of the kind. &quot;Time must have a stop.&quot; The two lower limbs
of the dialectic must be rounded in then by a higher reality. For two
reasons. First of, all, Nature herself moves towards synthesis and
harmony-discord and difference are part only of the process working
for that eventual consummation. Secondly, the human spirit is there,
with the urge of its inevitable destiny, to create its power in the
vision and consciousness of the hidden truth and reality which
'surface contingencies seem often to deny.</span></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">Let India's freedom mean precisely this higher synthesis
so much needed and so long expected in the life of humanity.</span></P>
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<FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Page –
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