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<font size="4">Mysticism
in Bengali Poetry</font></B></p>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>BENGALI
poetry was born some time towards the end of an era of decline in the
Indian consciousness, almost towards the close of what is called the
Buddhist period, but it was born with a veritable crown on its head.
For it was sheer mystic poetry, mystic in substance, mystic in manner
and expression. The poets were themselves mystics, that is to say
spiritual seekers, sadhaks -they   were called Siddhas or
Siddhacharyas. They told of their spiritual, rather occult
experiences in an occult or oblique manner, the very manner of the
ancient Vedic Rishis, in figures and symbols and similes. It was a
form of beauty, not merely of truth-of abstract metaphysical truth
-that rose all on a sudden, as it were, out of an enveloping
darkness. It shone for a time and then faded slowly, perhaps spread
itself out in the common consciousness of the people and continued to
exist as a backwash in popular songs and fables and proverbs. But it
was there and came up again a few centuries later and the crest is
seen once more in a more elevated, polished and dignified form with a
content of mental illumination. I am referring to Chandidasa, who was
also a sadhak poet and is usually known as the father of Bengali
poetry, being the creator of modern Bengali poetry. He flourished
somewhere in the fourteenth century. That wave too subsided and
retired into the background, leaving in interregnum again of a
century or more till it showed itself once more in another volume of
mystic poetry in the hands of a new type of spiritual practitioners.
They were the Yogis and Fakirs, and although of a popular type, yet
possessing nuggets of gold in their utterances, and they formed a
large family. This almost <SPAN LANG="en-GB">synchronised</SPAN> with
the establishment and consolidation of the Western Power, with its
intellectual and rational</FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2>Page - 221</FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=3>enlightenment, in India. The cultivation and
superimposition of this Western or secular light forced the native
vein of mysticism underground; it was necessary and useful, for it
added an element which was missing before; a new synthesis came up in
a crest with Tagore. It was a neo-mysticism, intellectual,
philosophical, broad-based, self-conscious. Recently however we have
been going on the downward slope, and many, if not the majority among
us, have been pointing at mysticism and shouting: &quot;Out, damned
spot!&quot; But perhaps we have struck the rock-bottom and are
wheeling round.</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>For in the present epoch we are rising on a new crest
and everywhere, in all literatures, signs are not lacking of a
supremely significant spiritual poetry being born among us.</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>In order to give you a taste of what this poetry is and
how it evolved I shall cite samples of the various waves at their
crest as they rose from epoch to epoch till today.</FONT></P>
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</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>The
earliest Siddhacharya says:</FONT></P>
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</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>That comes not down, nor does that go up;</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>That has no second to its self, that has attained</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	absolute fixity.</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Kanhu says where the mind never cracks,</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>winds are stilled, there dwells the mistress</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	of the house.</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>or
again</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>This is the seed of Time out of which the Lotus has
bloomed,</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>O heroic enjoyer, even like a bee, take in with every</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	breath of yours the honeyed fragrance.</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>This is mysticism <I>in excelsis </I>and beautiful
mysticism.</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	We dive down the centuries and when we come up we find</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Chandidasa thus greeting us:</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>There is a shore poised on a shore,</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	Upon that a wave,</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Waves dwell upon waves -</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	But a few only know.</FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2>Page - 222</FONT><BR>

		</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>or
again</FONT></P>
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</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>It is the lover that knows the sweetness of love;</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>And who is it that pours out this sweetness?</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Who is it that has abandoned all and become the two</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	and dwells in the Home of Delight?</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>From sheer symbolism we rise into some kind of mental
apprehension of the symbolistic experience. That mental element
further gains ground and seeks even an intellectual illumination in
the songs of the Bauls and Fakirs that form the next stage of the
evolution. Lalan the Fakir says:</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>It is within this man that the other man dwells;</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>It is Him that saints and sages through the ages</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>had sought and pursued.</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>As the moon is seen in the water</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>But flees the touch of your fingers,</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Even so ever he dwells</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	Apart and aloof.</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>In the lotus beyond is his abode,</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>In the lotus with twin petals he is out and astir;</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>One sees all this easily, only when one has ascertained
the</FONT></P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>	petals of his lotus.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Now, coming at last to the modern age, in Tagore we have
the full-fledged intellectual mysticism. Here is the modem seer and
prophet:</FONT></P>
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<BR>
</P>
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<FONT SIZE=3>Within the finite, 0 Infinite, thou playest thy notes,</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>That is why so sweet is thy manifestation in me.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>or
again</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>The incense yearns to melt into the perfume,</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>And the perfume yearns to embrace the incense;</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>The sound seeks to be caught in the rhythm</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>And the rhythm hastening runs into the sound.</FONT><BR>
		</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-top:0in; padding-right:0in; padding-bottom:0.03in; padding-left:0in; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=2>Page - 223</FONT><BR>
		</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>or
these lines</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>I dived into the ocean of forms</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	seeking the pearl of the formless -</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Oh, I shall no more wander from port to port</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	plying my worn-out bark -</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>There where rises eternally the song</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	that ears do not hear</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Shall I go with the harp of my heart</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	into the royal court in fathomless depths.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.15in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>That is not the end or the <I>nec plus ultra-nothing
</I>beyond - for there is a beyond and Sri Aurobindo has shown and
taught what it can be like. Here is one daring poet:</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="text-indent:0.15in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Thy firm galaxies</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Are tracing their script on our forehead.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>This day, 0 Mother, all the terrestrial illuminations</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Weave a garland of lights that come from beyond.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>or
this one, more mystically mystic:</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>The Bard wheels onward in his sweeping march:</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>He gathers in perfect the soul's obeisances,</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Urges secreted in the heart of the sun-flower,</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Hymns limned in her petalled gold!</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>or
these almost surrealistic lines:</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>The Dark One has put on a golden garland,</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>And on her delicate forehead burns the flame of</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	red sandal - </FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>She, the Eternal Memory, from the forgetfulness of</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	earth's depths</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>Kindles the first spark of the word born of the</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-left:0.5in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>	churning - </FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>One
great characteristic of these mystics, particularly the older ones,
is the conception of the spiritual or divine being as</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid black; text-indent:0.15in; padding-top:0in; padding-right:0in; padding-bottom:0.03in; padding-left:0in; border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-left-style:none; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=2>Page -  224</FONT><BR>
		</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT SIZE=3>a
human being-the soul, &quot;the man there within this man here,&quot;
is a human person and the human form has a significant charm which
none other possesses. The Spirit, the Divine <SPAN LANG="en-GB">individualised</SPAN>
and concretised in an earth-made man is a blazing experience with the
Siddhacharyas and the experience continues down to our days. The
Siddhacharyas themselves have added a peculiar, rather strange form
to the conception. The soul, the inmost divine being is a woman whom
one loves and seeks: she is an outcaste maid who dwells beyond the
walls of the city; one, that is to say, the conscient being in us,
loves her all the more passionately because she is so. The city means
this normally flourishing confine of outer consciousness where we
dwell usually; the Divine is kept outside the pale of this inferior
nature. To our consciousness that which is beyond it is an obscure,
valueless, worthless, miserable non -entity; but to the consciousness
of the sage-poet, that is the only thing valuable and adorable. These
mystics further say that the true person, the divinity that lies
neglected and even despised in our secular life is truly the idol of
all worship and when she is accepted, when she puts off her beggarly
robes, the obscurities of our mind and heart and senses, then she
becomes the mistress of the house, the queen whom none thenceforth
can disobey -all the limbs become her willing servitors and adorers.
The divine Law rules even the external personality.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.19in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>The significance of the human personality, the role of
the finite in the play of the infinite and universal, the sanctity of
the material form as an expression and objectification of the
transcendent, the body as a function of Consciousness-Force Delight
are some of the very cardinal and supreme experiences in Bengali
mysticism from its origin down to the present day.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.15in; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<FONT SIZE=3>A mysticism that evokes the soul's delights and
experiences in a language that has so transformed itself as to become
the soul's native utterance is the new <SPAN LANG="en-GB">endeavour</SPAN>
of the poet's Muse.</FONT><BR>
		</P>
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<FONT SIZE=2>Page - 225</FONT></P>
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