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<p align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>
<font size="4">Federated Humanity</font></b><font size="4"><BR>
</font></p>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">THE last great war, out of its bloody welter, threw up a
</span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">mantra </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">for the human consciousness to contemplate and seize
and realise: it was </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">self-determination. </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">The present world-war
has likewise cast up a </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">mantra </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">that is complementary. The
problem of the unification of the whole human race has engaged the
attention of seers and sages, idealists and men of action, since time
immemorial; but only recently its demand has become categorically
imperative for a solution in the field of practical politics. Viewed
from another angle, one can say that it is also a problem Nature has
set before herself, has been dealing with through the ages,
elaborating and leading to a final issue.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">The original unit of the human aggregate is the family;
it is like the original cell which lies at the back of the entire
system that is called the human body or, for that matter, any organic
body. A living and stable nucleus is needed round which a
crystallisation and growth can occur. The family furnished such a
nucleus in the early epochs of humanity. But with the growth of human
life there came a time when, for a better and more efficient
organization in collective life, larger units were needed. The
original unit had to be enlarged in order to meet the demands of a
wider and more complex growth. Also it is to be noted that the living
body is not merely a conglomeration of cells, all more or less equal
and autonomous – something like a democratic or an anarchic
organization; but it consists of a grouping of such cells in spheres
or regions or systems according to differing functions. And as we
rise in the scale of evolution the grouping becomes more and more
complex, well-defined and hierarchical. Human collectivity also shows
a similar development in organization. The original, the primitive
unit – the family – was first taken up into a larger 
</span></P>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;">Page – 84</span></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-size:12pt;">unit,
the clan; the clan, in its turn, gave place to the tribe and finally
the tribe merged into the nation. A similar widening of the unit can
also be noticed in man's habitat, in his geographical environment.
The primitive man was confined to the village; the village gradually
grew into the township and the city state. Then came the regional
unit and last of all we arrived at the country.</span></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">Until the last great war it seemed that the nation (and
country) was the largest living unit that human collectivity could
admit without the risk of a break-up. Now it was at this momentous
epoch that the first concept or shape of a larger federation-typified
in the League of Nations-stirred into life and began to demand its
</span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">lebensraum. </span></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">It could not however come to fruition and
stability, because the age of isolated nationhood had not yet passed
and the principle of self&shy;-determination yet needed its absolute
justification.</span></P>
			<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">The present war puts the problem in the most acute way.
Shall it be still a nation or shall it be a &quot;commonwealth&quot;
that must henceforth be the dynamic unit? Today it is evident, it is
a fact established by the sheer force of circumstances that isolated,
self-sufficient nations are a thing of the past, even like the tribes
of the Hebrews or the clans of the Hittites. A super-nation, that is
to say, a commonwealth of nations is the larger unit that Nature is
in travail to bring forth and establish. That is the inner meaning of
the mighty convulsions shaking and tearing humanity today. The empire
of the past – an empire of the Roman type and pattern – was
indeed in its own way an attempt in the direction of a closely
unified larger humanity; but it was a crude and abortive attempt, as
Nature's first attempts mostly are. For the term that was omitted in
that greater synthesis was self-determination. Centralisation is
certainly the secret of a large organic unity, but not
over-centralisation; for this means the submission and sacrifice of
all other parts of at! organism to the undue demands and interests of
only one organ which is considered as the centre, the </span><I><span style="font-size:12pt;">metropolis</span><FONT FACE="Arial Narrow, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;">.
</span></FONT></I><span style="font-size:12pt;">Such a system dries up in the end the vitality of the
organism: the centre, sucking in all nourishment from the outlying
members suffers from oedema and the whole eventually decays and
disintegrates. That is the lesson the Roman Empire teaches us. 
</span></P>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;">Page – 85</span></P>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;">The autocratic empire is dead and gone: we need not fear
its shadow or ghostly regeneration. But the ideal which inspired it
in secret and justified its advent and reign is a truth that has
still its day. The drive of Nature, of the inner consciousness of
humanity was always to find a greater and larger unit for the
collective life of mankind. That unit today has to be a federation of
free peoples and nations. In the place of nations, several such
commonwealths must now form the broad systems of the body politic of
human collectivity. That must give the pattern of its texture, the
outline of its configura&shy;tion – the shape of things to come.
Such unit is no longer a hypothetical proposition, a nebula, a matter
of dream and imagination. It has become a practical necessity; first
of all, because of the virtual impossibility of any single nation,
big or small, standing all by itself alone – military and political
and economic exigencies demand inescapable collaboration with others,
and secondly, because of the still stricter geo&shy;graphical
compulsion – the speed and ease of communication has made the globe
so small and all its parts so interdependent that none can possibly
afford to be exclusive and self-centred.</span></P>
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&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="text-indent:0.34cm; line-height:150%; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
<span style="font-size:12pt;">The organization of this greater and larger unit is the
order of the day. It does not seem possible at this stage to go
straight to the whole of humanity at large and make of it one single
indivisible entity, obliterating all barriers of race and nation. An
intermediate step is still necessary even if that remains the final
end. Nationhood has been a helper in that direction; it is now a bar.
And yet an indiscriminate internationalism cannot meet the situation
today, it overshoots the mark. The march of events and circumstances
prescribe that nations should combine to form groups or, as they say
in French, societies of nations. The combination, however, must be
freely determined, as voluntary partnership in a common labour
organisation for common profit and achievement. This problem has to
be solved first, then only can the question of nationalism or other
allied knots be unravelled. Nature the Sphinx has set the problem
before us and we have to answer it here and now, if humanity is to be
saved and welded together into a harmonious whole for a divine
purpose. 
</span></P>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;">Page – 86</span></P>
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